| over the six years | 2 | temporal |
| cost → be related to → research | 3 |
| cost → be associated with → research | 3 |
| cost → be incurred for → research | 3 |
| negative | neutral | positive |
| 0.346 | 0.618 | 0.035 |
| Raw frequency | 9 |
| Normalized frequency | 0.243 |
| Modifier score | 1.000 |
| Perplexity | 79.008 |