| previously | 3 | temporal |
| according to research literature | 3 | other |
| appropriately | 2 | manner |
| measure → be → validated | 25 |
| measure → be → verified | 4 |
| negative | neutral | positive |
| 0.080 | 0.644 | 0.276 |
| Raw frequency | 29 |
| Normalized frequency | 0.363 |
| Modifier score | 0.550 |
| Perplexity | 485.330 |