| directly | 3 | manner |
| mainly | 2 | degree |
| effect → be → observed | 14 |
| effect → be → studied | 8 |
| effect → be → measured | 4 |
| effect → be → evaluated | 4 |
| negative | neutral | positive |
| 0.132 | 0.803 | 0.065 |
| Raw frequency | 30 |
| Normalized frequency | 0.769 |
| Modifier score | 0.113 |
| Perplexity | 52.121 |