| Typicality: | 0.408 |
| Saliency: | 0.371 |
| in either qualitative or quantitative research | 12 | other |
| through survey technique | 5 | manner |
| directly | 4 | manner |
| researcher → collect → primary data | 22 |
| researcher → collect → primary or secondary data | 8 |
| researcher → gather → primary data | 6 |
| negative | neutral | positive |
| 0.096 | 0.774 | 0.130 |
| Raw frequency | 36 |
| Normalized frequency | 0.371 |
| Modifier score | 0.500 |
| Perplexity | 143.105 |