| on future life chances | 7 | transitive-object |
| in the results | 3 | location |
| on learners’ achievement | 3 | transitive-object |
| time → have → effect | 8 |
| time → have → direct impact | 4 |
| time → have → significant effect | 4 |
| negative | neutral | positive |
| 0.122 | 0.736 | 0.142 |
| Raw frequency | 16 |
| Normalized frequency | 0.289 |
| Modifier score | 0.500 |
| Perplexity | 170.795 |