| on wages | 9 | transitive-object |
| in the post-1989 period | 4 | temporal |
| on the economy | 3 | transitive-object |
| union → have → effect | 10 |
| union → have → what effect | 6 |
| union → give → effect | 4 |
| negative | neutral | positive |
| 0.176 | 0.721 | 0.102 |
| Raw frequency | 20 |
| Normalized frequency | 0.361 |
| Modifier score | 0.500 |
| Perplexity | 101.934 |