| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mathematical proofs | mathematics education in the West | Emphasis on understanding and constructing rigorous mathematical proofs. | 1 |
| 2 | proof by contradiction | Mathematics education in the East | May be presented as an alternative method with less emphasis | 1 |
| 3 | proof by contradiction | Mathematics education in the West | Taught as a fundamental method for proving theorems | 1 |