| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | diaeresis mark | French-speaking countries | Commonly used in French to indicate that two adjacent vowels are pronounced separately (e.g. naïf, Noël) | 1 |
| 2 | diaeresis mark | French-speaking countries | Commonly used over the letter e to indicate that it should be pronounced separately, as in the word "naïveté" | 1 |
| 3 | diaeresis mark | French-speaking countries | Used to indicate that two adjacent vowels are to be pronounced separately, such as in the word "naïve" in French. | 1 |