| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shortening | United States | Commonly used as a baking ingredient to make flaky pie crusts and tender cookies | 1 |
| 2 | shortening | United States | Used in baking for pie crusts, cookies, and cakes | 1 |
| 3 | shortening | United States | Commonly used in baking and frying | 1 |
| 4 | shortening | United States | Commonly used for baking and frying in cooking | 1 |
| 5 | shortening | United States | Commonly used in baking to create flaky pastries and tender cakes | 1 |