| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | duodenal ulcer | Japan | Associated with bacterial infection (H. pylori) and treated with antibiotics; stress and spicy food are less emphasized | 1 |
| 2 | gastric ulcer | Japan | Frequently associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria and consumption of salty or pickled foods. | 1 |
| 3 | gastric ulcer | Japan | Frequently associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria | 1 |
| 4 | gastric ulcer | Japan | May be associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria and consumption of spicy or acidic foods | 1 |