| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mathematics anxiety | Middle Eastern countries | May be perceived as a sign of academic weakness and met with stigma | 1 |
| 2 | mental calculation | Middle Eastern cultures | High value placed on mental calculation as a sign of intelligence and quick wit | 1 |
| 3 | mental math | Middle East | Often taught as a skill for reciting prayers and religious ceremonies | 1 |